A few basic terms which help to understand git commands
repository keeps all your project’s files, including commits and branches.
branch is a copy of the repository holding the specific version. The main branch in git is master.
commit may be imagined as a single save of changes to the specific branch.
checkout is the operation of switching between the current branch and the one specified in the command.
master is the main branch of the repository.
merge is an action that adds changes from one branch to another.
fork is a copy of the repository.
head is the most recent commit of the repository you work with.
Basic git commands everyone should know
git init | git init [folder]
Git init is used to initialize an empty repository from the folder you are currently using this command or using folder path, both ways are correct. It’s used while starting a new project or if you want to initialize the git repo inside the existing project.
git clone [repo URL] [folder]
Git clone is used to copy the existing repository to the specified folder on your computer. Git clone can be used only with repo URL as a parameter, then it will copy the repository to the folder from where you used the command. If you want to copy the repository to a different location on your computer, add a folder path as a second parameter.
git add [directory | file]
Git add stage all changes in the directory or in the file, and it depends on what you add as a parameter. In most cases, it’s followed by git commit and git push commands.
git commit -m "[message]"
This command is used to commit all staged changes with the custom message passed as a string. By changing -m parameter to -am it’s possible to add and commit changes at once.
git push
This is the command, which pushes changes to the origin branch.
git status
Git status is used to check the status of the modified files and it shows which files are staged, unstaged, and untracked.
git log
Git log is used to display the history of the commit in the default format.
git diff
Git diff shows all unstaged differences between the index and the current directory. This command can be used with -staged to display differences between staging files and the most recent versions. And another option is to use the command with the file name to display differences between the file and in the last commit.
git pull
Git pull is used to get changes from the original branch, and it merges the changes into the local branch.
git fetch
This command retrieves the most recent changes from the origin branch but doesn’t merge.
Git branch commands
git branch
This command displays the list of all branches in the repository. It can also create a non-existing branch if you add a branch name as a parameter.
git branch -d [branchname]
Using -d flag will delete the branch with the specified branch name.
git checkout [branchname]
This command switch to the branch named [branchnamed]. If you add -b flag before branch name, it will checkout to a new branch, which will be created automatically.
git merge [branchname]
It merges the branch with the specified branch name to the current branch.
Git undoing changes commands
git revert [commit]
This command creates a new commit that undoes changes made in the specified commit and applies it to the current branch.
git reset [filename]
It remotes specifies a file from the staging and leaves the working directory unchanged.
Git config commands
git config -global user.email [user_email]git config -global user.name [user_name]
The commands above are used to set current user email and name configuration.
git config --global --edit
And this command is very useful, as it allows for editing user configuration in a text editor.
Git GUIs
Not everyone likes to use git in the command line. It’s very easy to make a mistake there, which will take some time to revert it. That’s why GUIs for git become very popular. Let’s check a few of them.
Happy Learning!
